Compromises and the Articles of Confederation free essay sample

The Articles of Confederation caused numerous issues for our establishing fathers. There were numerous significant elements that were relinquished so as to run a practical country. A portion of the issues were: no bureaucratic armed force, no national cash, the central government couldn't burden, there were no concentrated courts for interstate wrongdoings, and it was very hard to pass a law and practically difficult to pass a change. Fortunate for us our establishing fathers met in Philadelphia and examined how they can endorse on the Confederation. In the end they thought of the Constitution of Independence and the Bill of Rights. Before the Constitution was made there was a great deal of belligerence and bargaining done. Without bargain it is difficult to make the Constitution. The primary issue that must be explained to make the new government was to have an administrative armed force. The bigger issue with that was the government had no force and the states had all the force. Each state had their own little military or local army. One of the immense defining moments for the choice of having a government armed force was Shays’ Rebellion where ranchers in Massachusetts got tired of the duties passed on by their state and shaped a horde (A1 Pg. 64). The crowd continued for a few hours before the Massachusetts local army put them down. After this occurrence congressmen concluded that a solid government was fundamental for defiance and universal treats too. The explanation that numerous states didn't need an administrative armed force was on the grounds that they didn't need a solid central government and they accepted that by giving them a military it gave them more force. Another serious issue with the Article was there was no national money. Each state had begat their own cash and each states coins were worth distinctive worth. By and large store and brokers would not take cash from an alternate state. This was a tremendous issue for some reasons. After the war we had an enormous obligation to France since they had given us a huge amount of cash and officers to help us. So as to give them cash we need cash. There was no administrative mint and the government couldn't burden (another difficult inside and out). The other issue they had without a national cash was numerous individuals were bringing in fake cash from various states since it was so basic. The purpose behind the absence of administrative money was again a dread of the national government turning out to be to ground-breaking and each state getting equivalent. Since the establishing fathers didn't need an oppression in their new country they gave the national government an infinitesimal measure of intensity. The intensity of the central government was restricted to such an extent that they could neither assessment the individuals of the United States, nor the states themselves. This turned into a tremendous issue was the US needed to take care of their obligation to France since they had no cash since they couldn't burden. The other explanation it was very fundamental for the administration to hand down duties was to store and bolster a national armed force. During the Articles of Confederation the government was just permitted to demand for charges and not request. Just 25% of the assessments recommended were paid. After the Constitution the national government had the ability to lay and gather charges, obligations, imposts, and extract. (D2 Pg. 175) While the United Sates were under the Articles of Confederation an issue with the legal framework happened. The issue was there was no government legal framework, no brought together courts. That implied it you perpetrate a wrongdoing in one state and cross state visitors the following day your most probable going to pull off the wrongdoing you submitted. This was incredibly hazardous for the country in light of the fact that numerous wrongdoings were being dedicated and nobody was being indicted. Another issue with not having a unified court was there was no preeminent court where enormous cases including different states could be held. Another issue with the Articles of Confederation was it was very hard to pass a law and it was close to difficult to pass a revision. out of the 13 states needed to concede to it under the watchful eye of the law was passed and every one of the 13 states needed to consent to pass a revision and that once in a while occurred because of the contrasts between the North and South. That is the reason there were numerous trade offs during this time. The most well known of the trade offs was the Great trade off. The Great Compromise took both t he Virginia and New Jersey Plans and compromised. This was the beginning of the constitution and our new government plan. The contention was between enormous states and little states. The enormous states needed to base delegates by populace while the shopping center states needed all portrayal to be equivalent between states. In the long run James Madison with Benjamin Franklin’s help would think of the Virginia Plan. The Virginia Plan expressed that we were to have a bicameral government that comprised of the House of Representatives, that depended on populace (what the huge satiates needed), and the Senate, where all states had a similar number of delegates. (What the little needed. ) with this bicameral government and the House of Representatives there comes another issue, how would we check slaves? Since the measure of delegates a state was given depended on their populace any state with slaves clearly needed captives to check towards their populace and any express that didn’t have slaves didn’t need them to tally towards the populace. The different sides in this contention were the North and the South. The South were the ones that needed to have slaves check towards the populace and the North didn't. The contention continued for quite a while and nearly caused a common war, which would have part the country, and in the event that that were the situation, at that point we would probably still be a British settlement. In 1787 agents James Wilson and roger Sherman proposed the three-fifths Compromise. The trade off basic expressed that each 5 slaves meant 3 individuals of the populace. After this proposition both the North and the South concurred this was reasonable and there was no considerate war. To finish up, the Article of confederation caused numerous issues for the early United States since it debilitated the government so much that the states didn't feel joined together and rather than one nation it was 13 conditions of their own. After numerous trade offs and shows our establishing fathers thought of a legislative arrangement that we despite everything use today, the Constitution of Independence. The Constitution gave us a bicameral assembly with three parts of government that all investigated each other in a framework called balanced governance. We should all be extremely appreciative for bargains in light of the fact that without them we probably won't be the country we are today since it would have been difficult to make the Constitution.

Creation of Pakistan

Production of Pakistan The apportioning of the Indian subcontinent prompted the establishment of Pakistan as a prevalently isolated state for Muslims and built up a partisan limit with the Republic of India, which turned out to be overwhelmingly Hindu.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Creation of Pakistan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The primary clarification for the production of Pakistan was the need to secure the Muslims structure mistreatment and separation they looked as a minority bunch in transcendently Hindu areas, and give a situation good for the act of Islam. Pakistan acquired an arrangement of administration dependent on the British legitimate code that had been in power during the frontier system. The appropriation of the Objectives Resolution in 1949 denoted the beginning of the change of Pakistan into an Islamic state in light of the fact that the goals prompted the incorporation of Islamic laws and lessons in different parts of usage of future la ws in Pakistan. Another significant endeavor that supported the change of Pakistan into an Islamic state was the assertion of Islam as the official religion in 1956 dependent on the thought that a noteworthy level of individuals in Pakistan rehearsed Islam (Cohen 41). Besides, the creation and reception of the primary constitution of Pakistan gave an establishment whereupon an Islamic state could flourish. The constitution depicts the organizing of the Senate and National Assembly and makes openings implied for agents of ladies and minority strict groups.Advertising Looking for paper on universal relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More in such manner, not at all like during the period of the Muslim League, where settlement of different strict gatherings was insignificant, comprehensive frameworks are obvious in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan as parliament made a thought for minority religions and permitted free act of different strict convictions. The examination of the development of Pakistan from a Muslim state to an Islamic state requires a downplaying of changes as administration and rebuilding of establishments dependent on the Islamic strict law. The part of Pakistan being an Islamic state is apparent in the motivation behind its underlying pioneers to look for the making of a transcendent Muslim state and the rule of Mohammed Ali who was the leader of the Muslim League, which to a great extent upheld the division of the territory of Bengal dependent on strict lines (Jaffrelot 137). While the Indian National Congress (NIC) contradicted the production of districts dependent on religion, the Muslim League looked to set up a framework that would protect the privileges of Muslims. As the break among INC and the Muslim League expanded, as clear by the disappointment of the two gatherings to join against the British during the 1930s, pioneers of the Muslim League left on plans to build up a Musli m state. The quest for a different Muslim state prompted the ejection of partisan common clash in India that set Hindus in opposition to Muslims and stayed uncertain in spite of the requires an unfastened India by Lord Louis. To end the contention that was spiraling wild, Lord Louis consented to the requests of the Muslim League and framed two separate states.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Creation of Pakistan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the relationship in different parts of a Muslim state and Islamic state, for example, the strength of Islamic laws and lessons, the attribute of Pakistan as an Islamic state began to rise with the joining of Islamic law inside the structure of the parliamentary popular government in Pakistan. In such manner, equitable constituent foundations and the presence of mainstream sway in Pakistan feature the highlights of an Islamic state. Cohen, Stephen P, The possibility of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. Print. Jaffrelot, Christophe, A past filled with Pakistan and its inceptions, London: Anthem, 2004. Print.

Barista Resume Examples, Template, and Tips

Barista Resume Examples, Template, and Tips During the past century, the service industry became one of the most important industries in the world, and the best-selling product that the companies are targeting us is coffee.Coffee is all around us, and a survey has found that 64% of American people drink at least one cup of coffee every day.As this is over half of the population drinking coffee daily, it’s important to deliver them the best possible products and services.Of course, the key player in all of that is the barista.Baristas are the ones responsible for making the best coffee-based drinks, and also the ones providing us with amazing customer service.That being said, espresso can be an extremely tricky beverage to make, especially if it’s done manually.Thankfully, these days that process is usually done with various types of machinery, either partially or fully.That doesn’t mean that everyone can be a great barista, but you can easily learn the basics of being one.In addition to that, there are several small cafe s or big coffee shop chains opening seemingly everywhere, so there’s a lot of job opportunities.However, sometimes it’s hard to find the ideal job, whether because you lack experience, which you shouldn’t worry about too much, or because the opportunities are unsatisfying.The only thing that you should worry about is your resume, and making it be as best as possible.But If you consider that being a barista is your calling, and you think that you have what it takes to make great coffee and serve people, then keep reading and see what exactly you need for a perfect resume.Barista Resume Example Right Barista Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeThis is how your ideal professional resume should look like when you send it to your desired workplace in the world of the coffee shop industry.In the rest of this article, we will draw attention to what’s important to employers and what you should do to make your resume a perfect one.Just follow this step by step guide in detail and don’t worry.Now, the only thing that you need to do is to use our resume builder, which is bound to make your resume writing experience much easier.HOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT PERSONAL INFO SECTION OF YOUR BARISTA RESUMEOf course, starting your resume with personal information is a must. This isn’t something that you have an option of hiding from your employer, as it is how you ensure that the employer can get in touch with you.This is supposed to be the information that catches the eye first, and the name should always be written in big bold letters. If your name is long, try to include just the first and the last name.Always u se your actual name, and not any nicknames. The name that you write on your resume should be the same as the one on your cover letter and LinkedIn profile.John Robinson Right Johnny Robinson WrongWhen it comes to the photograph it’s usually optional. Sometimes the employers require you to have a photograph, but sometimes they don’t. However, in some countries, you have to put your photo in the resume.Your contact info falls into the category of extremely private information, but there are things that you have to put in a resume. Firstly, you need to have your phone number. Your mobile phone number is the most likely way that your future employer is going to contact you.We understand that sharing your home address can be stressful and might not seem safe, so we suggest just sharing information like the town or area that you live in.In case you’re keeping your resume online, we suggest that you only send your address once you get in contact with possible future employers.When it comes to your email address you need to make sure that it’s a professional sounding one. Don’t use the email address that doesn’t have your actual name on it, as it will sound unprofessional.john.robinson@gmail.com Rightjohn_bigmuscles@gmail.com WrongYour social media is something that your employers are going to check, so refrain from making embarrassing posts and make sure you clean up your old ones.When it comes to the social media information that you should put on your resume your LinkedIn account is desirable. Make sure to personalize the URL to your account before sending it.THIS SUMMARY NO RECRUITER CAN REFUSE!Writing a summary for your resume is crucial because that’s where you’re supposed to put all the most important skills, attributes and accomplishments that are written in the rest of your resume.It adds depth and clarity to your resume. Writing a summary section isn’t hard, just adhere to the following tips.The summary of your resume should be three to six sentences long. You can add bullet points to it if you want to. The information that should be a part of your summary is related to:Years of experienceTraining, certifications and degreesSpecific accomplishments and received recognitionsSkills and experience that make you uniqueAreas of expertiseYou don’t have to mention all of these things â€" pick the most important ones.When it comes to the form of this paragraph, you should start with your professional title and experience.SummaryHighly responsible and professional barista with more than 5 years of experience RightAfter that, you should add a couple of your achievements to show that you focus on the result.Summary (cont.)According to the surveys of customers, was rated one of the best baristas (97%). RightThe last part is to change the summary depending on the job offer, as in that way you personalize the summary.Summary (cont.)Used to working in fast-paced environments and preparing coffee-based drinks in a high-qualit y and timely manner. Has a desire to help improve and maintain the image of the company by adhering to company standards and treating customers properly. RightWHAT EXPERIENCES MATTER IN YOUR RESUME?If you already have experience in the coffee industry you’re good to go and the only thing that should worry you is the wording of your skills and experience and the way that you portray them.Your experience will likely be the most essential thing that your employer is going to pay attention to.This is the part of your resume where they will be able to see if you’re fit to join their company or not.Here you also list where you’ve worked and for how long, as those things are the most important to your potential future employer.However, before you start listing your barista duties, you should choose the format.Oftentimes, your resume will just be skimmed over and not read thoroughly. If you have the experience you should put the most recent job and your responsibilities there at the top of the list.That means that your previous jobs should be listed in reverse chronological order.And if you don’t have any experience in this field this part of your resume should be the place where you put your previous skills and achievements that can be helpful in the job of a barista.When it comes to listing your previous duties it’s important to give a detailed explanation of them and turn them into accomplishments.Don’t just list your everyday duties, as that is boring and overused. Give those tasks meaning and depth.ExperienceCompleted customer orders, delivering consistent high-quality drinks and satisfying customersTrained new employees in store policy, procedures and drink preparationInformed customers about different types of coffee, blends, roasts, and other specific dataRated as the best barista according to customer surveys (97%) RightExperienceCoached new employeesMade ordered drinks for customersWas called a good barista WrongThe last example shows you that you should give some numbers if you want to stand out from the rest of the job applicants.We strongly advise you to use some strong action verbs and mention some barista specific skills and language.Also, if you have any of those special coffee-making skills, make sure that you know how to spell all the drinks, apparatus and actions correctly before you write them in your resume.If you don’t have any experience of being a barista, you should list all the duties and accomplishments on your previous job that can be translated well into your new job, and depending on the employer you might get a job.Either way, when it comes to your previous jobs you don’t have to list each one, just make sure that you list the ones that have some kind of a connection to your new profession.HOW TO WRITE YOUR EDUCATION LIKE A PROMost people assume that the only part of the resume that the employers look into is the experience of the candidate, especially when it comes to baristas, but that’s not entirely the case.It would be ideal if everybody had an equal amount of education and experience, but that’s rare.There are several reasons why including education on your resume is important, and one of them is the fact that education shows what experience and skills can’t.The education of the job applicant shows their desire to succeed and a glimpse into their personality, which can’t be seen just by looking at the part of the resume that just lists their previous jobs and responsibilities. If you have a degree you should list it like this: RightIf you’re continuing your education you’re showing your future employers that you have a desire for improvement. In that case, list your education like this: RightAlso, in case you don’t have any experience this section becomes the most important to you.However, even you only have a high school diploma you shouldn’t worry as education is usually not required for the position of a barista. Just list your high school like this: RightMake sure that you only list your GPA score if it was above average, and that goes for any other accomplishments that you find to be important.And in case you have a bachelor’s degree or a higher one, you can leave out your high school details.That being said, in the case of looking for a job for a barista the education is usually less important than the experience, so it might be best if you concentrate on getting that experience in any possible way.SKILLS ARE OF HIGH IMPORTANCE FOR BARISTA â€" BUT WHICH ONES SHOULD YOU PUT IN YOUR RESUME?If you want your resume to be outstanding and catch the eye of your potential future employers, you should make sure that the section containing your skills includes various impressive skills that your future work might be looking for.When employers are looking for a barista they are looking for an individual with a strong work ethic and knowledge of coffee, its quality, coffee beans, grinding beans, brewing coffee and the ability to make many drinks based on coffee.When listing your skills, just as with experience, make sure to use job-specific terms and that can show that you have actual knowledge of the things that you’re listing.Put this list in the form of a concise bullet point, as it is easier to read.There are some skills that employers are always looking for, but the key skills that a barista might need are usually the following:MixologistCustomer serviceManagementSalesBarbackJust like with experience and education, you should only list the most relevant skills â€" the ones that have something to do with the job of a barista.The fact that you can use MS Office kit is great, but it’s not exactly something that you’ll need while you’re brewing espresso.You also shouldn’t list mediocre skills that everybody has but that can still be applied at the job of a barista, as they will not make you stand out in the crowd. Right WrongUSEFUL TIPS AND TRICKS TO USE WHEN WRITING YOUR BARISTA RESUMEHeading of your resume â€" It would be best if you put the heading of the resume as your name. One o the biggest mistakes that job seekers make is putting “Curriculum Vitae” or any other variation of that as the header of their resume. Your employers know that it’s a resume, and your name should be more important than that.Honors and achievements â€" feel free to list your honors and achievements, but take care that they translate well into the job of a barista. You don’t need to list that you won a race when you were in high school, but you can say that you lead your team to win.Volunteer experiences â€" Job seekers often forget to put down their volunteer experiences, but they are just as important as the regular ones. Of course, this also the case where you should worry about if your volunteer experience could have anything to do with being a barista.Adapting your resume â€" You should write a new resume for every job you apply for, or you can just change parts of it to make it more personal, like mentioning the name of the company that you want to work for or changing some of the skills so that they meet their requirements.Bullet points â€" Use these to present concise information as the employers are most likely to just skim over your resume and bullet points will catch their eyes.Skip personal details that are too personal â€" When writing the personal info section of your barista resume make sure that you don’t overshare. There are things that you might think about putting in your resume but that could either be considered unprofessional or that might make your future employers make assumptions about you. Don’t list things such as your social security number, date of birth, race or ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, children, pregnancy status or citizenship. These things are of no concern to your employer.Grammar check â€" Alway s proofread your resume â€" you don’t want some embarrassing mistake to slip and ruin your chances of getting the job.Don’t lie â€" When writing about your skills and experiences don’t lie. Your inefficiency will most likely be seen as soon as you start making your first order and you will get yourself in trouble.Descriptions â€" It’s okay to use one or two fancy words and details for your resume, but too much flourish is usually something that employers don’t like, so be careful with that.Hobbies and interests â€" It’s fine to list your hobbies and interest as that will show your employer what kind of person you are, but you should only list the ones that are relevant to the job of a barista.Reviewing â€" Distance yourself from your resume and look at it from the eyes of the potential employer. Or just give it to a friend or family member that is used to seeing a lot of resumes. They will help you find the mistakes and improve your resume.Languages â€" feel free to list languages that you can speak fluently as your workplace could be a place where different cultures meet and your employers will appreciate that.Length of your resume â€" Your resume shouldn’t be too long, it’s fine if it can fit on just one page. Anything more than that is too much.Formatting â€" Keep your resume in physical and digital form, and also various types of files such as PDF or DOCX, maybe your employer will need them.Font â€" Only use serious fonts, and refrain from the ones that look too detailed and flourished.Resume template â€" All of this will be made way easier if you opt to use one of our resume templates on our resume builder. Just find the one that you like the looks of and continue editing it and saving some time.CONCLUSIONThat would be all that we have to say about writing a resume for a barista. If you follow this step by step guide you will be more likely to get the job that you’ve desired!Make sure to emphasize the important parts of all of these sect ions, and don’t stray far away from the things required of the job of a barista.And if you have trouble making the perfect resume that also looks good, you should check out our resume template builder. It’s perfect for writing your best resume.Good luck with finding your dream job! Create your own resume

The Problem Of School Violence - 886 Words

The somewhat recent event of Sandy Hook has been a major focus of debate among any serious discussion about school violence in America. Yet, just since Columbine, there has been over 100 school shootings, not including stabbing, rape, or even fist fights (in which there was serious injury or death). Despite this unprecedented level of aggression among our nation’s youth, the nation, in its entirety, has not dedicated an appropriate amount of time and energy to coming up with a solution. The bulk of the hard work needed in order to create a safer atmosphere for our children has been left to our teachers. Yet, the workload of a teacher, along with his/her inability to interfere in out-of-classroom affairs, would make him/her extremely inefficient in doing so. What exactly are these expectations? How many of these standards can a teacher feasibly meet? My first, and maybe only, sentiment with teacher involvement would be due to the assumption that every violent child could have been â€Å"saved† before they resorted to violence. Many would say that the student was merely distraught or abused and should suffer no blame for such atrocities. I find this utterly ridiculous. When adults commit similar crimes, especially the murder of dozens of people, how quickly does the public deem them psychopaths? Psychopathy is a very real and very serious impairment. This mental deficit can have countless causes which may include the absence of oxytocin on stimulus or an unluckily placed tumor.Show MoreRelatedProblems and Solutions to Violence in Schools Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesViolence is a very important issue that is coming to the front in todays school systems. School violence is a `complex social policy problem and is considered very complicated and hard to define. My paper is on school violence and the methods in which the gov ernment and schools can provide support and/or programs to help stem the recent rash of incidents. These steps include: use of `less violent materials, peer mediation interventions, police presence and action, individualizing of the troublemaker(s)Read More Finding the Root of the Problem of School Violence Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesFinding the Root of the Problem of School Violence After shootings at Jonesboro, Ark, Paducah, Ky, Springfield, Ore, Pearl, Miss, and Littleton, Co, serious questions arise such as has school violence risen, and, if so, what can we do to fix it. The truth is, school violence is on a rise, and it can be attributed to factors such as disinterest in learning, the total preservation of the civil rights of the students at all costs, and the lack of power the teachers and administrators haveRead MoreExamining Causes of School Violence and Solutions to the Problem1763 Words   |  8 Pageschildren been victims of violence or intimidation and how many times have you been left feeling abandoned, demoralized and full of despair because no-one will lift a finger to help. How many times have you seen the offenders caught and let off to continue re-offending in some instances? The truth of the matter is that we are all alone when it comes to dealing with any form of aggressive behavior from children, especially in school. Did you ever won der why schools have so much violence? But people alwaysRead MoreViolence In Schools Has Been A Social Problem For A Long1583 Words   |  7 PagesViolence in schools has been a social problem for a long time, but only recently has this problem come to light. When there was a male bully, teachers and parents would say, boys will be boys so there was no harm there. There has always harmed when someone gets hurt, emotionally or physically. Getting called names or even getting punched, they both the same and that’s what happens when violence goes into schools. Violence in school is a social problem because it does not just involve children fightingRead More The Growing Problem of Teenage Violence in Schools Today Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Growing Problem of Teenage Violence in Schools Today There is a growing problem with teenage violence today in school. The problem is teenagers are getting more and more violent. Many of them resort to violence as a way to deal with anger and stress. Most of teenage violence starts with the so called thugs who think they rule the school. Not just the thugs but anybody in general who thinks they can beat up on people and act all tough and push everyone around. Another source of this violenceRead More Media Violence is Not the Problem - The Problem is in Our Homes, our Schools, and our Communities3259 Words   |  14 Pagesmovie, registering for the draft or to vote, buying guns, killing classmates†¦ Indeed, the dramatic increase in school shootings during the 1990s, in conjunction with the technology boom, drew much attention to mass media violence. Does media violence perpetuate aggressive behavior in its viewers? If so, to what extent? Do viewers retain models of behavior from their exposure to media violence? Do these mode ls resurface later on during their coming of age? These are hard questions that may not have definiteRead MoreSchool Violence1125 Words   |  5 PagesFinding a Solution to School Violence Anita Lopez Kaplan University CM-220 School is a place where children should go to learn, educate themselves, make lifelong friends and most importantly they should feel safe. The violence in schools has increased over the years and many schools aren’t sure how to handle this growing problem in an appropriate manner. School violence may come in various forms and some of the most common forms of school violence include physical abuses, bullying, brawlRead More Essay on Conflict Resolution and Mediation to End School Violence949 Words   |  4 PagesResolution and Mediation to End School Violence       Conflict and differences of opinion exist in every healthy organization. Americans need to try to take control of todays youth and the violence that is and has been developing in this country for many years.   Although violence will never be extinct, there are many different ways to reduce violence.   Each school and student population has different ways of dealing with and helping to curb the need for violence in schools.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mostRead MoreEssay on Preventing School Violence1446 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing School Violence The number of extremely violent crimes occurring in schools has been increasing over the last three years. Incidents that deal with school violence occur 16,000 per school day, which is equivalent to once every six seconds (Kipnis 11). School violence has been around since the1950s, but back then it was more an issue of juvenile delinquency than violent behavior (Baker 3). Crime in and around schools is threatening the well being of students, as well as the staffRead MoreEssay on School Violence837 Words   |  4 Pagesclassmates and one teacher. School violence changes our youths morals. From bullying to peer pressure, youth are exposed to school violence everyday. What is school violence? School violence varies from accounts of â€Å"death, homicide, suicide, weapon related violence, in the US.† (c1) School violence can occur to and from school, while attending a school sponsored event, on a bus, or at an activity. Violence in school goes back to the 1800s’. The first publicly funded schools for delinquents was built

The Aeneid By Virgil, The Oresteia, And Sappho By Sappho

Rationality affects the way we behave, but emotions change our behavior and drive us to behave the way we do. People are driven by emotions, yet we can not allow them to be the only thing that controls our actions and behaviors. Rationality helps control our emotions and prevents them from getting too out of hand. There are three texts from seminar that demonstrate this idea of emotional power: The Aeneid by Virgil, The Oresteia by Aeschylus, and Sappho by Sappho. In The Aeneid, the text discusses Aeneas’ journey to Italy and the many encounters he had. It was in this text that the females displayed emotional power. The Oresteia is a play about murder, revenge, and justice within the royal family of Argos. Emotion is what drives this play†¦show more content†¦Rational, only in appearance, Dido tells her sister, Anna, to go build her a â€Å"pyre in secret, deep inside our courtyard under the open sky† to â€Å"obliterate every trace of the man† (144; lin es 618, 623). Anna does as her sister tells her to and is deceived by what the pyre was really meant for. Dido attempts to rid herself of her emotions by burning every trace of Aeneas, yet her emotions eventually take over. With her heart torn apart, Dido commits suicide. Dido’s sister on the other hand is hurt but still emotionally stable. Anna is stunned, grieving, and hurt by the actions of her sister. She states, â€Å"how very cruel†¦ You have destroyed your life, my sister, mine too† (151; lines 847, 848). Despite playing a part in her sister’s death, Anna remains levelheaded and requests help to â€Å"bathe [Dido’s] wounds in water† and hopes that if a â€Å"lingering breath still hovers† that she should â€Å"catch it on [her] lips† (151; lines 851, 852). Similar to The Aeneid, The Oresteia also demonstrates characters caving into their emotions. Clytemnestra, the Queen of Argos, lacks the power to prevent her daughter be ing used as a sacrificial lamb to the gods. The misery she felt when her husband, Agamemnon, sacrificed their daughter was immense. So immense that it led her to murder, for she thought that

Iwantto Become a Rapper Free Essays

Name:English 11H Chapter 18-30 Questions Due Monday, March 11! (pages 89-151) 1. What is symbolic about Edna considering the Ratignolles’ life French and foreign? The concept of marriage has become foreign to her. The Ratignolles purpose of life is much different from hers. We will write a custom essay sample on Iwantto Become a Rapper or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Why does Edna pity Adele after witnessing this marital bliss? Edna pities Adele because Adele will never know Edna’s true feelings about her desire to be an independent women and her desire to make love with another man. Adele has a different perspective of life than Edna which makes it hard for her to tell her true desire. . Why is it more powerful for Edna to neglect her household than to have temper tantrums? If Edna neglects her household she would get more of a reaction from Lenoce than to have a temper tantrum. 4. Why does it make sense that Adele wouldn’t like Mademoiselle Reisz? Adele is the exact opposite than Mademoiselle Reisz in what Adele believes in. They have different views in life. Adele is more of a house wife who enjoys being around her family while Mademoiselle Reisz is more independent , she is unmarried and also childless, she focuses on herself more than others. 5. Why do Robert’s letters fill Edna with despondency? Most of his letters were not sent to Edna but the ones that were had no emotions to it. 6. What is the centerpiece of Mademoiselle Reisz’s apartment? She has a piano at the centerpiece. 7. What does M. Reisz tell Edna about being an artist? That in order to be an artist , she must possess a courageous soul that dares and defies 8. Why does Leonce go to consult Dr. Mandelet? The change in Edna’s behavior. 9. What does Dr. Mandelet fear is the cause of Edna’s change? That she may like another man. 10. What is Edna and her father’s relationship like? They are not is not affectionate. He believes that husbands should take authority over their wives which Edna oppose. Chapter 18-30 Questions Due Monday, March 11! (pages 89-151) 11. How does Edna feel and act toward Leonce right before he leaves for a long trip to NY? She actually gets a bit emotional and starts tearing up when Leonce leaves. she feels sad but not for to long. 12. How does Edna feel after Leonce and the children have gone? She feels at peace and free. 13. Who is Alcee Arobin and where did Edna meet him? A man that Edna starts having feeling for. They met at the horse race at Grand Isle. 14. Why is Edna making preparations to move to another house while Leonce is away? So she would think about Leonce possession over her. She want to be able to forget about him and think more about herself. 15. Is Leonce aware of Edna’s plans? Yes but he doesn’t agree with her. 16. Why does Edna say she is a wicked woman? 17. What specifically does Edna not feel for her relationship with Alcee Arobin? She doesn’t feel love for Alcee but lust 18. What does Edna take from the old house to the new? 19. Why is Adele unable to attend Edna’s dinner party? How to cite Iwantto Become a Rapper, Essay examples

Theories of Growth and Development Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theories of Growth and Development. Answer: Nature and nurture In his article Nature, Nurture, and Human Behaviour; an Endless Debate, Zaky provides an objective and an in-depth examination of the concept of nature vs. nurture targeting parents and educationists. The author explains that human behaviour is a product of inheritance (Zaky, 2015). Equally, in the article Nature, nurture, and expertise by Plomin et al., human behaviour is acquired and learned as one grows (Plomin et al., 2014). The authors target parents and teachers, and they provide credible information that is backed up by experimental studies. Genetic inheritance In their article Principles of Inheritance: Mendels Laws and Genetic Models Laird and Lange, discusses the principles of inheritance in an in-depth manner. For instance, the article discusses the genetic model which states that the dichotomous genes contributes to deterministic genetic outcomes (Laird Lange, 2011). In Gliboffs article, The Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Origins of Genetics, he states that parents influence the genetic traits that the off springs acquire at birth. The article targets scientists who study genetics (Gliboff, 2015). It has reliable information that is based on scientific research studies. Lifespan and development theories Lenses: Applying Lifespan Development Theories in Counseling is a book authored by Kraus. The book is highly valid because the author, is an associate professor of counselling at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania. The intended audience for this book are counselling practitioners. The major themes in this book is the social constructionist view of development. It argues that an individuals development is influenced by the social surroundings (Kraus, 2008). The book Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts and Strategies is authored by Sugarman. Its target audience are parents and teachers. This book articulate its themes and arguments in a clear manner. One of the arguments of this book is that change is a continuity, therefore, individuals are different from who they were ten years ago (Sugarman, 2001,). Freudian concepts The journal article Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers by Ahmed carries out in-depth analysis of Freuds psychoanalytic theory. It targets parents and it focuses on concepts such as the love between the boy child and mother (Ahmed, 2012). In another article, Freuds Interpretation of His Own Dreams in The Interpretation of Dreams: A Continuity Hypothesis Perspective, Schredl explains that dreams are a reflection of supressed subconscious thoughts of humans (Schredl, 2008). The article targets psychologists and it is reliable because it is based on scientific research findings. Piagets stages of cognitive development The book Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence by Shaffer and Kipp discuss the stages of human development. The book has high validity because it supports its arguments with research findings. It targets parents and teachers with its themes and arguments, for example, the four stage cognitive development process (Shaffer Kipp, 2014). Van Blerkoms book College Study Skills: Becoming a Strategic Learner, targets learners in all education levels. Some of the major concepts discussed in it is cognitive development, which states that the transitions of an individuals pattern of thinking takes place in stages (Van Blerkom, 2016). Eriksons psychosocial stages Eriksons Development Crises: Applying Developmental Theory to Adult Learning is a journal article by Lineros and Fincher, hence, it has a high validity because it is a peer-reviewed article. It discusses the crises involved in growth and development including identity and confusion that occurs in teenage (Lineros Fincher, 2014). Conversely, the book Developmental Psychology by Watts, Cockcroft, and Duncan, who are professors of psychology, and therefore, this source is authoritative and has logical appeal. It targets students and instructors of psychology. The major theme is human development and it states that development is multi-dimensional (Watts, Cockcroft, Duncan, 2008). Maslows hierarchy of needs The book Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An introduction by McGuire as high validity because its content is back-up by research findings. It targets employers. Its focuses on the concept of motivation and human needs. The book explains that human needs are in stages, and when one is achieved, an individual moves to the next level of need (McGuire, 2012). Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs is a journal article by Taormina, and it targets employers. The article is highly valid because it backs its arguments with reliable academic sources. It discusses the different levels of human needs, stating that they are fulfilled in stages (Taormina, 2013). Bowlbys attachment theory A secure base: a clinical application of attachment theory is a book by Bowlby, and its target audience are clinical experts. Attachment is the major theme, and the author argues that child mother attachment is strengthened by arousal such as pain or joy (Bowlby, 1988). Effects of attachment on early and later development is a journal article by Malekpour. The article targets parents, and it has a high validity because the author is a professor and Ph. D holder in Psychology. It focuses on the concept of attachment and argues that individual identity is a result of parent-child attachment during growth (Malekpour, 2007). Bibliography Ahmed, S. 2012, Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers, Internal journal of English and literature Vol. 3, n. 3, 60-70.Bowlby, J. 1988. A secure base: a clinical application of attachment theory. Routledge, New York: NY. Gliboff, S. 2015, The Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Origins of Genetics, Filosofia e Histria da Biologia, So Paulo, v. 10, n. 1, p. 99-123. Kraus, K. L. 2008, Lenses: Applying Lifespan Development Theories in Counseling. Lahaska Press, Boston: MA. Laird, N. M. Lange, C. 2011, Principles of Inheritance: Mendels Laws and Genetic Models, The Fundamentals of Modern Statistical Genetics, Statistics for Biology and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7338-2_2, Lineros, J. V. Fincher, M. 2014, Eriksons Development Crises: Applying Developmental Theory to Adult Learning, Learning and Performance Quarterly, Vol. 2, no. 3, 35-48 Malekpour, M. 2007, Effects of attachment on early and later development. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, Vol. 53, No. 105, 81-95. McGuire, K. J. 2012. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An introduction. Grin Verlag, Berlin. Plomin, R., et al., 2014, Nature, nurture, and expertise, Intelligence, Vol. 45, 4659. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.06.008 Schredl, M. 2008, Freuds Interpretation of His Own Dreams in The Interpretation of Dreams: A Continuity Hypothesis Perspective, International journal of dream research, Vol. 1, no. 2, 44-47. Shaffer, D. R. Kipp, K. 2014. Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. (9th Ed.). Cengage Learning, Belmont: CA.Sugarman, L. 2001, Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts and Strategies. Psychology Press, New York: NY.Taormina, R. J. 2013, Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs, American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 126, no. 2,155177.Van Blerkom, D. L. 2016. College Study Skills: Becoming a Strategic Learner. Wadsworth, Boston: MA.Watts, J., Cockcroft, K., Duncan, M. (Eds.). Developmental Psychology. (2nd Ed.). UCT Press, Cape Town. Zaky, E. A. 2015, Nature, Nurture, and Human Behaviour; an Endless Debate, Child Adolesc Behav, Vol.3, no. 6, DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000e107

Care Plan free essay sample

Impaired Comfort related to sickle cell anemia as evidenced by acute vaso-occlusive crisis. The patient’s pain should take precedence as the nursing diagnosis, because it is in all-encompassing factor that affects the client’s ability to function within the other areas of Maslow’s hierarchy of physiological needs, such as breathing and sleeping. The pain from the vaso-occlusion makes it difficult for the client to become comfortable enough to rest in addition to other factors that affect sleep patterns. The pain caused by the client’s chest pain also makes it difficult to for her to take deep, adequate breathes and to assess her lung sounds. 2. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to acute chest syndrome secondary to sickle cell anemia as evidenced by alterations in depth of breathing. Breathing should be prioritized as the secondary nursing diagnosis, because the patient’s sickle cell anemia is presenting her with diminished lung sounds in the lower right lung. We will write a custom essay sample on Care Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the primary nursing diagnosis is associated with vaso-occlusion, the client is not getting proper oxygenation to parts of their body, and interventions may include administering analgesics to treat the discomfort, of which an adverse effect may include an altered breathing pattern, it is especially important to pay attention to and assess respiratory functioning in order to treat the effects of smoking and administration of analgesics on respiratory function and assure adequate oxygenation. 3. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to excessive noise as evidenced by reports of being awakened all night. Disturbed sleep pattern should be prioritized third, because lack of adequate rest can cause fatigue, further discomfort, and decreased ability to function and perform ADL’s which is important to a client’s self-esteem and independence. Nursing Care Plan Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to vaso-occlusive crisis secondary to sickle cell anemia as manifested by grimacing and verbalization of pain Outcome/Short Term Patient Centered GoalsPlanning/Interventions ImplementationRationale for interventionsEvaluation Short-Term Desired Outcomes The client will â€Å"perform appropriate interventions, with or without significant others, to improve and/or maintain acceptable comfort level,† a 5 or less on a 0-10 pain scale, by the end of the day (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). Long-Term Desired Outcomes The client will â€Å"identify strategies, with or without significant others, to improve and/or maintain comfort level† by the time of discharge (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 1. â€Å"Assess pain intensity level in a client† every hour utilizing a 0-10 pain scale (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 2. Describe the adverse effects of unrelieved pain† every hour along with each pain assessment until patient verbalizes understanding (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). Teach the client about prescribed medications (oxycodone, for pain), such as how to use it, how often to take it, how much at once, and the desired and adverse effects of it. 4. â€Å"Ask the client to report side effects, such as nausea and pruritus, and to describe appetite, bowel elimination, and ability to rest and sleep† by performing an interview every hour while assessing pain level (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 1. The first step in pain assessment is to determine if the client can provide self-report† (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 2. â€Å"Ineffective management of acute pain has the potential for†¦neuronal remodelin, an impact on immune function, and long-lasting physiological, psychological, and emotional distress † (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 3. â€Å"Instruct the client and family on prescribed medications and therapies that improve comfort† (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 4. â€Å"Constipation is one of the most common side effects of opioid therapy and can beco me a significant problem in pain management† (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). Short-Term Desired Outcomes The client is able to properly utilize the prescribed oxycodone in their therapy to achieve a comfort level of 5 by the end of the day. Verbalizing an understanding of adverse effects of unrelieved pain helped patient understand the importance of reporting an accurate pain score whenever experiencing discomfort. Goal Met. Nursing interventions for this goal were effective to help the patient achieve a more comfortable state. Long-Term Desired Outcomes The client is able to identify and report the side effects of the oxycodone, so that they can report any nausea, constipation, or abnormal sleep patterns to a nurse or physician. Goal met. Care Plan free essay sample Comfort related to sickle cell anemia as evidenced by acute vaso-occlusive crisis. The patient’s pain should take precedence as the nursing diagnosis, because it is in all-encompassing factor that affects the client’s ability to function within the other areas of Maslow’s hierarchy of physiological needs, such as breathing and sleeping. The pain from the vaso-occlusion makes it difficult for the client to become comfortable enough to rest in addition to other factors that affect sleep patterns. The pain caused by the client’s chest pain also makes it difficult to for her to take deep, adequate breathes and to assess her lung sounds. 2. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to acute chest syndrome secondary to sickle cell anemia as evidenced by alterations in depth of breathing. Breathing should be prioritized as the secondary nursing diagnosis, because the patient’s sickle cell anemia is presenting her with diminished lung sounds in the lower right lung. We will write a custom essay sample on Care Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the primary nursing diagnosis is associated with vaso-occlusion, the client is not getting proper oxygenation to parts of their body, and interventions may include administering analgesics to treat the discomfort, of which an adverse effect may include an altered breathing pattern, it is especially important to pay attention to and assess respiratory functioning in order to treat the effects of smoking and administration of analgesics on respiratory function and assure adequate oxygenation. 3. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to excessive noise as evidenced by reports of being awakened all night. Disturbed sleep pattern should be prioritized third, because lack of adequate rest can cause fatigue, further discomfort, and decreased ability to function and perform ADL’s which is important to a client’s self-esteem and independence. Nursing Care Plan Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to vaso-occlusive crisis secondary to sickle cell anemia as manifested by grimacing and verbalization of pain Outcome/Short Term Patient Centered GoalsPlanning/Interventions ImplementationRationale for interventionsEvaluation Short-Term Desired Outcomes The client will â€Å"perform appropriate interventions, with or without significant others, to improve and/or maintain acceptable comfort level,† a 5 or less on a 0-10 pain scale, by the end of the day (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). Long-Term Desired Outcomes The client will â€Å"identify strategies, with or without significant others, to improve and/or maintain comfort level† by the time of discharge. â€Å"Describe the adverse effects of unrelieved pain† every hour along with each pain assessment until patient verbalizes understanding (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 3. Teach the client about prescribed medications (oxycodone, for pain), such as how to use it, how often to take it, how much at once, and the desired and adverse effects of it. 4. â€Å"Ask the client to report side effects, such as nausea and pruritus, and to describe appetite, bowel elimination, and ability to rest and sleep† by performing an interview every hour while assessing pain level. †The first step in pain assessment is to determine if the client can provide self-report† (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 2. â€Å"Ineffective management of acute pain has the potential for†¦neuronal remodelin, an impact on immune function, and long-lasting physiological, psychological, and emotional distress † (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 3. â€Å"Instruct the client and family on prescribed medications and therapies that improve comfort† (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). 4. â€Å"Constipation is one of the most common side effects of opioid therapy and can become a significant problem in pain management† (Ackley Ladwig, 2013). Short-Term Desired Outcomes The client is able to properly utilize the prescribed oxycodone in their therapy to achieve a comfort level of 5 by the end of the day. Verbalizing an understanding of adverse effects of unrelieved pain helped patient understand the importance of reporting an accurate pain score whenever experiencing discomfort. Goal Met. Nursing interventions for this goal were effective to help the patient achieve a more comfortable state. Long-Term Desired Outcomes The client is able to identify and report the side effects of the oxycodone, so that they can report any nausea, constipation, or abnormal sleep patterns to a nurse or physician. Goal met.

Facebook Manic Essay Essay Example

Facebook Manic Essay Essay Example Facebook Manic Essay Essay Facebook Manic Essay Essay Facebook is a societal networking service launched in February 4. 2004. owned and operated by Facebook. Incorporated. The name of the service stems from the conversational name for the book given to pupils at the start of the academic twelvemonth by some university disposals in the United States to assist pupils acquire to cognize each other. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roomies and fellow Harvard University pupils Eduardo Saverin ( concern facets ) . Andrew McCollum. ( in writing creative person ) . Dustin Moskovitz ( coder ) . and Chris Hughes. Harmonizing to The Harvard Crimson. the site was comparable to â€Å"Hot or Not† and used exposures compiled from the on-line facebooks of nine houses. puting two following to each other at a clip and inquiring users to take the ‘hotter’ individual. The website’s rank was ab initio limited by the laminitiss to Harvard pupils. but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston country. the Ivy League. and Stanford University. It bit by bit added support for pupils at assorted other universities before opening to high school pupils. and finally to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook has affected the societal life and activity of people in assorted ways. With its handiness on many nomadic devices. Facebook allows users to continuously remain in touch with friends. relations and other familiarities wherever they are in the universe. every bit long as there is entree to the Internet. It can besides unite people with common involvements and/or beliefs through groups and other pages. and has been known to reunite lost household members and friends because of the widespread range of its web. January 2009 Compete. com survey ranked Facebook as the most used societal networking service by world-wide monthly active users. Quantcast estimations Facebook has 138. 9 million monthly alone U. S. visitants in May 2011. Harmonizing to Social Media Today. in April 2010 an estimated 41. 6 % of the U. S. population had a Facebook history. Facebook has turned into a national compulsion in the United States. ensuing in huge sums of clip lost and encouraging self-love. Facebook being one of the most celebrated societal networking site comes with it’s ain pros and cons. There are many disadvantages of utilizing facebook. Many people believe that facebook has a batch of advantages and is convenient to utilize. But they ignore all the disadvantages that come with it. Excess of everything is bad and the statement is true for facebook.

Bribery and Serving Public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Bribery and Serving Public - Essay Example We hear these types of incidences almost daily in our lives. All of these acts are crimes and deemed as bribery cases. Bribery is basically a crime which is done by giving any benefit to the other party for changing the outcomes of the result. The term benefit is a very broad term and it could be anything from money to a simple favor. According to the Black's law dictionary, bribery is the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions as an official or other person in discharge of a public or legal duty. Bribery is basically a reward or rewards, which is given to an individual or group to change the decision in favor of the person who is giving the bribe. Generally, the following rewards are given for not being loyal and just: The issue of bribery is not only associated with the public sector organizations but also with private sector organizations - even in the NGOs that come in the market with a commitment to serve the people without any monetary benefits. Bribery is illegal in many countries including the United Kingdom and United States. It is considered an unethical act and a form of political corruption that hinders the success and prosperity of a nation. Another shameful form of bribery exists in the field of medicine - a field that serves to save human lives without any discrimination and unjust behavior. In this form of bribery, pharmaceutical corporations reward doctors for heavy subscription of their drugs to their patients, and in reward the doctors get lucrative gifts in various forms. The US government has already taken several steps to cope with this form of bribery. The American Medical Association (AMA) has already published a set of ethical guidelines for the industry that describes the list of acceptable gifts that can be given to the doctors as rewards. In addition, dentists are also the part of this bribery issue; they receive samples of home dental care products such as tooth cleaning gels. Transparency International Reports (Health) The transparency international reports the types of corruption in health. According to the organization, regulators, payers, health care providers, suppliers and consumers face a complex mix of incentives that can lead to corruption. Forms of corruption in the health sector include: Embezzlement and theft from the health budget or user-fee revenue. This can occur at central or local government level or at the point of allocation to a particular health authority or health centre. Medicines and medical supplies or equipment may be stolen for personal use, use in private practice or resale. Corruption in procurement. Engaging in collusion, bribes and kickbacks in procurement results in overpayment for goods and contracted services, or in failure to enforce contractual standards for quality. In addition, hospital spending may include large investments in building construction and purchase of expensive technologies, areas of procurement that are particularly vulnerable to corruption. Corruption in payment systems. Corrupt practices include waiving fees or falsifying insurance documents for

Marketing essential Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing essential - Coursework Example Headquartered in Atlanta, USA, Coca-Cola is one of the world’s most well-known companies. Since inception, the company has grown by leaps and bounds and as of today has business operation in more than 200 countries (Coca-Cola, 2013). Coca-Cola Company is the worlds primary manufacturer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverages and other food items. Of the 400 brands that the company has in its repertoire, 16 of them generate revenue of more than $1 billion every year. Its flagship brand Coca-Cola is literally a household name and is liked by millions of people around the globe. The Coca-Cola Company’s mission is to ‘to refresh the world - in mind, body and spirit, to inspire moments of optimism’. The company attempts to create value and make a difference through its products and actions. (Coca-Cola, 2013). While the company relentlessly pursues its mission, it has developed a set of goals so as to cater to the needs of various stakeholders like people (great place to work for employees), partners (taking care of the interest of vendors, suppliers, and bottlers), planet (sustainability measures), profits (maximizing shareholders returns) and portfolio (building brands that satisfy customer needs). Coca-Cola is in sound financial health. The behemoth registered net operating revenues of $ 48,017 million in 2012, up from $ 46,542 million in 2011. The total assets of the company as of December 31, 2012 stood at a mammoth $ 86,174 million. In addition to the carbonated soft drinks like Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Sprite and Fanta, CCGB also manufactures and markets the Oasis still fruit drinks, the Powerade isotonic sports drink and Abbey Well water in Great Britain. CCGB also owns the Schweppes and the Glaceau Vitamin Water brand. SWOT analysis refers to the study of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. While the strengths and weaknesses are identified by scrutinizing the

Divorce In The United Arab Emirates

Divorce In The United Arab Emirates Nowadays, divorce is considered as one of the most important issues that we face in our modern society where it deeply affects the social and financial structures of the country. Our religion has always considered the stability of the marriage as one of its main goals; in other words, marriage should be held in high regards. In addition, the sanctity of marriage must be protected forever unless there are problems that come across a couples life for which there is no solution beside divorce. Statistical reports show that the divorce rate is quiet high in the gulf region which proves that governments are not finding sufficient solutions for this problem. However, the United Arab Emirates governments realized the seriousness of this phenomenon on the families and society and began working on the problem especially in the recent years since divorce rates have increased radically and continue to rise; Divorce has become a vital issue as it affects the lives of families, causing pain, damages and destroying relationships. In other words divorce aftermaths are so serious that it could change your life drastically. These are some of the reasons that made me choose this sensitive topic. Why is divorce happening nowadays more commonly, even in the first years of marriage? What will happen if divorce rates continue to rise? Are there new reasons for divorce which are related to the country development? In this research paper, I will analyze this problem while searching for answers to such questions that will help to find solution in order to decrease the rate of divorce and to improve people lives. In addition, I will examine each part of this problem and the different views from the parents, the children and the family. Moreover, I will suggest some methods that may help avoid this problem. Literature Reviews: Abdualrazeq Maliki(2001) states that divorce phenomenon in the UAE society has interacting factors that may vary in their severity and impact on divorce problem. Maliki believes that some of the factors which help increased the divorce rates were changes that have taken place in the social and economic field; modernization. He Points out that modernization created a new side in our society which made a divergence between its members, especially member of a Family as husband and wife. Halim Barakat (1993) agrees with Maliki as the modernization has a deep effect in our society as he says Old patterns of marriage and divorce are being slowly replaced by new ones. Different sets of relationships are developing between family and society. He adds However, young men and women show less alienation from the family than from any other social institution, is it religious, political, or social. 2-Divorce Reasons: In our modern time statics proved that divorce is increasing year by year although the rates didnt reach the highest registered rate in the last 30 years, but in recent years it is increasing rapidly. For example, the first graph shows the total divorce rates as a percentage of marriages in Gulf countries, where United Arab Emirates has a 34.84% in 1995 which is one of the highest percentages in gulf. While in 2006 it recorded 18.88% which was a great development in almost 10 years, but unexpectedly it shoots up to 25.62% in 2007 and continues to rise in 2008 to 25.74% as the second graph shows. Such an increase made us search for eligible reason for it although the reasons may vary from every individual but the main common reasons are different background, arranged marriage and early marriage, modernization. Different Background: One of the most common causes of divorce that the people are not aware of is the different backgrounds of the married couple this is due to their belief that love can conquer all obstacles. The Emirates Economist also reported that mixed marriages (i.e., marrying a foreigner) are considered as one of the causes of high rate of divorce in the UAE ( ). In other words, people who are different in culture, economic class and religious believe, in addition to social status. The culture background is a big hurdle in every marriage and essentially ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s the first reason for disputes, this comes from the difference of opinion between the couple were each one think they are right because of the way their parents raised them which ultimately affected the way the behave and think, for instance, when an emarati marries a woman from Europe they would often fight about cultural matters like how she should dress, be more conservative towards strangers and many more problems arises which finally can lead only to divorce. Although the wealth of a person is usually said that its not important in front of love but the sad truth is its an important factor that can make life easy or hard, this often is present when two different person with different lifestyles marries, where one partner cant keep with the other financially satisfied and starts to complain about it which in turns will lead to many disagreements where money is involved and a situation of unrest follows. Also this difference may affect their children, for instance, If the husband came from a poor family which had to struggle for everything, and the mother came from a wealthy family, then they might have different ways that they want to raise their children. The father may want to be tougher on the children and enforce strict rules on them. This is the way he was raised by his parents. The mother may be less strict and have completely different views on how to raise children. As a result, each parent may struggle to have their own way over the children. It would turn into a fight over power. It could eventually lead to divorce(). Some may argue that parents from different background will have a good effective on their children since they get to know more than one culture. However, if the parents have a good communication they will able to avoid problems that may end with divorce. Religion plays a vital role in everyones spiritual and mental health, where faith can make a person strong to face the difficulties of life and continue to accept the challenges presented to them, this being said a couple with different religion can cause lots and lots of various problems mainly the faith of the child or even the certain necessities of a religion like wearing hijab for women, if such problem were not resolved in time the marriage would definitely collapse and a family would break with divorce. The difference in social status between the couples is a major problem which often leads to family complications where both families donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t accept the marriage that will occur or even after marriage, where the family decides to cut all relations between the couples, this will leave the couples with a big challenge because no matter who you love nothing can beat the love of your family and losing it will make you resort to the last solution to return your family ties which is divorce. Arranged Marriage: Marriage is Early Marriage: One of the important causes of divorce in the United Arab Emirates is early marriage, which remains as one of the countrys tradition. Although the education level has risen in the UAE, but this didnt prevent the practice of early marriage in the country. However, Many researches disagree as they say Universal, early marriage is no longer the Standard it once was in Arab countries: The average age at marriage for both men and women is generally rising, and more Arab women are staying single longer or not marrying at all ( ). Its true that early marriage is on decline but it still continues to occur and contribute in raising divorce , according to boozco journal, Our society is partly responsible for the high divorce rates as a lot of couples marry quickly without any chance to know each other, so in reality they are like strangers and there is no communication between them Furthermore, early marriage can affect couples life causing divorce for many reasons such as, the lack of commun ication and experience, also lack of independence. Early marriage is one of the reasons that lead girls to leave school and start a new life in which they dont have enough responsibilities in addition to limited awareness of what marriage is and how to deal with it, which lead to miscommunication with the other partner. Many researches agree that lack of communication is the main cause of divorce, communication is the revealing of thoughts or ideas and is an important aspect of all relationships().As in our society the reason of the bad communication between the couples is that many boys and girls need to interact with the opposite sex, since their upbringing and schooling have in most instances been strictly gender segregated(boozco). Furthermore, marriage in a young age may lack the experience that is required in dealing with problems that couples may face, since these young couples dont have a lot of things to experience and learn from it before getting married. In addition, in our region many families support their married sons financially which will encourage them to depend on their parents without realizing that marriage represent independence. Also it will reduce their responsibility award their new life. In contrast other families may not help their sons with money, which will leave the new couple facing debts in a very early age. Consequently, money problems resulting from premature marriages can also cause divorce( ). Modernization: Modernization is the Transformation of a society from a rural and agrarian condition to a secular, urban, and industrial one ( ). In other words, modernization means the great development that happened suddenly to change a country from many ways. For example, the United Arab Emirates witnessed a huge improvement in many sectors such as economy, education and medication fields. Although these changes have a positive impact on the society, but it also have a harmful influence that can contribute to high divorce rates. According to ( ) Modernization and economic development have been cited as one of the factors leading to divorce in Western societies (Heaton, Cammack, Young). Similarly, the economic boom in the UAE, which is associated with rapid modernization and globalization has affected individual lifestyles and family values as well. So the impact of modernization has been proofed through the increasing numbers of families that have changed their lifestyle to have more urbane lif e than traditional one. Furthermore, this changing affects the society as it adds new reasons for divorce like women seeking independence in addition to the increase of demands of a marriage. First of all, the greatest change that occur through modernization is the female education and Conclusion: In conclusion, there are many reasons for getting divorce but the most common one is the lack of communication between the married couples; lack of communication can destroys any kind of relationships in which will impact the socity as a whole.

Parallels between Scottsboro and Maycomb Essay

To Kill a Mockingbird, a classic novel written by Harper Lee, is focused on racism that takes place in Maycomb, Alabama during the 1930s, where African Americans were segregated by white men. Harper Lee said that the Scottsboro trial, which was a trial that started because of discrimination, inspired her on writing To Kill a Mockingbird. Despite the differences between the Scottsboro Boys and To Kill a Mockingbird, both of them had an impact on the racial implications and laws of the south. The Scottsboro Trials was a sad tragedy that took place in Alabama during the 1930s. While nine black youth, ages from 13 to 21, were on a train heading to Memphis, Tennessee to find a job, a fight between the nine black youths and a group of white men started. After the white men were kicked out of the train, they reported what had happened to a stationmaster, and the station master stopped the train at a town called Paint Rock. After the train stopped, a group of policed jumped on the train and arrested the nine black youths. When they are caught on the train, two white women, dressed in men’s clothes, were found hiding on the train. Then the two white women accused the nine black youths raping them without any evidence. Because raping in 1930s in the Deep South was a big crime, so many trials started. At the end, every one of the Scottsboro Boys were sentenced to death except for the youngest one, Roy Wright, who was 13 years old. The reason why the jurors did not sentence him to death is because of his age. Although he was not sentenced to death, he was still sentenced for spending his life time in jail (The Scottsboro Case (1931)) (Lanset). Maycomb, Alabama is the main setting that the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, took place. Maycomb and the Scottsboro Trials are similar because they both relate to the discrimination between African Americans and white men. It was Tom Robinson, who was accused of rape by a white woman, just as the Scottsboro Boys was, and he was sentenced guilty by all-white juries even though he did nothing wrong. Although he wasn’t sentenced to death, he was still killed by jail guards who shot seventeen bullets at him just because he tried to escape. To Kill a Mockingbird and the Scottsboro Boys are similar because Harper Lee based her story on the Scottsboro Trials. The first case took place during April 1931, and it was taken to the juries around three pm. For less than two hours, the juries announced the verdict, death penalty; after the crows outside heard it, they yelled of approval. Also, the juries also warned people who were in the courthouse that there must be no demonstration staged after the verdict, so the people in the courtroom just applauded, while people outside cheered wildly. The second trial that was held on April 8th, for eighteen-year-old Haywood Patterson. Then the jury announced a verdict of death penalty within three hours. The third case was tried with five boys; Olin Montgomery, who was seventeen and nearly blind, Andy Wright (18 years old), Eugene Williams (17 years old), Willie Robeson (17 years old), and Ozie Powell, who was 16 years old. During this trial, Willie RObeson was suffering from a bad venereal disease, so it was pretty much impossible to rape somebody with that disease. However, the case went to the jury at four pm, and next morning, the verdict was still a death penalty. During the trials, Governor Benjamin Miller even sent the Alabama National Guard to Scottsboro to prevent a death sentence, but at the end, eight of the Scottsboro Boys were still sentenced to death, except for the youngest one, Roy Wright. Although Roy Wright wasn’t sentenced to death, he was still sentenced to be in jail for his whole life (Linder) (Salter). All the trials of Scottsboro started pretty much because of discrimination. On June 22, 1933, Jude James Horton was convinced that Victoria Price was lying because all her stories were inconsistent; also, she had no witnesses and medical evidences for her claims too. Another person, Dr. Lynch, who asked to talk to Horton privately, said that the girls were lying too. As a result, Judge Horton took his verdict of death penalty back, and announced that there will be a new trial. Attorney General Knight also promised that there would be evidences for Victoria Price’s rape story; Orville Gilley, a white boy on the train agreed to testify for the prosecution. William Callahan, a judge whose age is about 75, was going to participate in Haywood Patterson’s next trial on November 1933. During the trial, Judge Callahan cut off all the questions about Victoria Price’s chastity, character, and reputation. Also, when Leibowtiz queried Price about her probability of having sex with someone other than a Scottsboro Boy, Judge Callahan stopped him. He did these because he wanted to debunk this event off the American’s newspaper. Similarly to the Scottsboro trials, Tom Robinson’s trial in To Kill a Mockingbird also started because of discrimination. Mayella wanted to protect her dad, so she accused Tom, an African American, of raping her. She accused a black guy because she knew that in a fight, white men always win (Linder). The Scottsboro Trials incident had impacted the community’s racial climate and the ideologies during the 1930s. Firstly, it had forced the country to look back to their racial practices although white men disliked black men. Secondly, the African Americans changed from republicans to democratic community. Thirdly, the Scottsboro Trials made black men realize how badly the white men were treating them. For example, racial practices and how they were looked upon by law. Lastly, it also changed the way the legal system of the United States is viewed. Because of the Scottsboro Boys, the African Americans learned to fight for their rights†¦ (Ross) (Scottsboro Boys Hist2081) The discrimination between African Americans and white men was the reason why the Scottsboro Trials and the trial in To Kill a Mocking happened. Although black men lost in their trials, they later realize their power, and started to fight for their rights. The Scottsboro Trial is an event that impacted the whole world, especially America, making them realize several things they had done wrong, and to never repeat it again.

Comparison of the lives of American, Chinese and Thai women

Recent decades have witnessed enormous and far-reaching demographic changes in the lives of American, Chinese and Thai women. These changes touch almost every aspect of life -education, marriage, divorce, employment, sexual behavior, childbearing, and living arrangements. In fact, it is difficult to avoid the media's persistent messages regarding the new woman.We know that women are entering higher levels of education in unprecedented numbers, going into professions traditionally reserved for men, delaying marriage and remaining employed after they are married as well as after their first child is born, divorcing at higher rates, and heading a greater number of households. It is not surprising to find these changes the subject of intensive study by social scientists, policymakers, market researchers, as well as the media. From the perspective of the individual woman, the creation of a family through marriage is a major event.It changes her relationship to the family from which she ca me and provides her with a new set of roles, responsibilities, commitments, and expectations. It is a significant transition in the life course, one that has historically marked the entry into adulthood. The marital behavior of American women has significantly changed in recent decades, and this change has signaled a shift in the relationship of individual women to the family as a social institution and in the way women organize their lives.To begin with, changes in marital behavior since the 1950s point to a significant decline in the importance of marriage in the lives of American women. This decline is being met with a rise in the importance of the primary individual. More women are expected to remain single throughout their lives, those who do marry are marrying later, and marriages are more likely to end in divorce. Consequently, women are spending a smaller proportion of their lives married. Delayed marriage is related to the increasing numbers of young women living alone.Howe ver, the majority of Chinese women, rural and urban, it is still within the context of the family and in their performance of familial roles that they are judged. A fine worker who neglects her husband and beats her children is a bad woman. A fine worker who neglects his wife and beats his children is a fine worker. There have been major changes in the family in urban China. It is most certainly not the buffer (or barrier) it once was between women and the state, but it remains the unit of consumption, the primary caring unit for the weak, ill, or elderly, and its proper functioning is still seen as women's responsibility.Here again, the rural family reflects the vast differences in China between city and countryside. Although it is no longer the only unit of production, that function in 1981 being shared with the production team, it still provides much of the family's resources, and much of that production is women's responsibility (Ebrey 1990). More importantly, even though the ru ral family is now a setting from which women of certain ages go out for varying periods of time to interact with the work world of men, it is still the natural habitat of women. Thai Family Law within the Civil Code contains many outright discriminatory items.For example, if a woman engaged to be married has sexual relations with a man other than her fiance, her fiance is entitled to terminate the engagement and seek compensation from the third party. An engaged woman does not have reciprocal rights. Similarly, if a spouse seeks a judicial divorce (as opposed to a divorce based on mutual consent), the husband is able to divorce his wife on the grounds of adultery but the wife cannot use this reason against her husband without proof that the husband has maintained and honored the ‘other woman' as his wife ( NCWA 1995).Currently the marriage registration system affords women no protection from bigamous husbands, and neither do they provide women with protection against sexual ab use, sexual harassment, rape or domestic violence (NCWA 1995). Domestic violence (especially wife beating) is major family problem in Thai society but it remains underreported because of the social stigma attached to the victims and the perpetrators. One study on Status of Women and Fertility in Thailand conducted in 1993 interviewed 2800 women and found that one-fifth (approximately 600 women) reported having been beaten by their husbands.The highest concentration of women who had experienced domestic violence was in Bangkok. About 13 per cent of Bangkok women reported being beaten regularly and 47 per cent of these remained in the relationship within a submissive role, neither retaliating nor leaving (Chayovan et al. 1995). Traditionally Thai customs have discouraged marriage at a young age and the impact of urbanization and socio-economic development have reinforced this tendency leading to an increase in marriage age among Thais (Limanonda 1992).The last four census figures indi cate that the age at first marriage for women has risen from 21. 6 in 1960 to 23. 5 in 1990. Nonetheless marriage is still the overwhelming choice with only a small number of Thais remaining single by the age of 50 (Limanonda 1992). The divorce rate is increasing especially in Bangkok where remarriage among younger divorcees is quite high. This increase in the marriage dissolution rate has resulted in a growing number of female heads-of-households. From the 1994 Household Survey, out of the total 15. 8 million households counted, 3.2 million households (about 20. 1 per cent) were headed by women and these households had an average of 3. 2 family members. The average age of these women heads was 51 years old. The low levels of education and income prevalent among these single female heads of-households signifies a considerable burden for the women involved since they would most likely be the major provider of the economic and emotional needs of their household members. Chinese and Am erican attitudes toward men and women differ even in situations in which sexual attraction theoretically should have no importance.Many American women today share in the public life of the nation. A majority of them have gone to school with men, worked in the same offices with them, shared identical or similar interests with them, and have even fought them on broad social, political, and economic issues. American women can count among their ranks doctors, lawyers, high government officials, professors, industrial and commercial executives as well as laborers, police, clerks, and members of the armed services. One hundred years after the Opium War only a small minority of Chinese women enjoyed comparable distinctions.They also could name among themselves workers in various professions and occupations, no less than crusaders against social evils deeply embedded in Chinese tradition, but these few women towered above the illiterate majority who either did not hear about the privileged ones or looked upon them with idle curiosity. The reason for this lack of confidence is, however, not so obscure. To begin with, it is connected with the fact that many American women who work outside the home feel defensive. This is one arc of a vicious circle, for the more defensive women feel, the less confidence men will have in them.Why do educated American women who have had lengthy experience in a man's world feel more defensive than their educated Chinese sisters who have but recently obtained equality and are only a small minority? The answer again lies in the underlying psychological patterns of the two groups. In the American individual-centered pattern of thought, sex, being diffused, appears whenever men and women meet. The boundaries defining when sex does or does not apply are simply not clear. Sexual attraction occurs without reference to time, role, and place.In the Chinese pattern, sex, being relegated to particular areas of life, does not pervade every aspect of l ife. Therefore, the Chinese male will react very differently to a show girl and to a woman professor. In the same way, the Chinese female will view different males from the standpoint of their diverse stations in life. To put it more plainly, for Americans, sex differences tend to overshadow situation. For Chinese, situation tends to overshadow sex. An American woman is always prepared to use her womanly charms whether her business is with a store clerk, her landlord, or her husband.She is likely to be pleased by any sign that her beauty is appreciated, whether the complimentary word or glance comes from a bus conductor, her pupils, or a business associate. Even a modern Chinese woman is sure to bring humiliation upon herself if she copies her American sisters in this respect. For in her culture, female charms and beauty are sexual matters, and should therefore be reserved for a woman's lover or husband, or at least for a man whom she might marry. On the other hand, the American wom an is, in male eyes, never separated from the qualities of her sex, even if her work has no connection with them.She feels defensive because the male resents her intrusion into what he considers his world, and he is resentful because she brings with her the advantage of her sex in addition to her professional abilities. The Chinese woman's sexual attractions belong to her husband or fiance alone. She can safely invoke them only in the privacy of her marital situation. But for this very reason, once she has achieved a new occupational or professional status, the Chinese woman tends to be judged in male eyes by her ability and not by her sex.With sex confined to the specific areas of marriage or prostitution, working females have no need to be defensive when entering into traditionally male activities, and males have no cause to view them as transgressors. A socially desexed female is just as good as a socially desexed male. The system of resolving sexual transgression may come to a s tandstill in the case of transgression that crosses ethnic boundaries. We have seen that sexual morality is embedded in the communal social order primarily of the woman's community.Matters are settled within the community, or between Karen communities with shared understanding of the processes for amending the breach. What happens, then, when a breach takes place with those for whom such sanctions are meaningless? The cooling ritual and subsequent marriage cannot be enforced. From a comparative perspective women in Thailand have suffered less discrimination than women in China. Indeed, gender relations in three Thai Kingdoms of Sukhothai, Ayudhaya, and Ratanakosin provided a positive template for the inscribing of a better status for women in the twentieth century.Even in this context the improvement in the status of women since the 1970s has been dramatic. Women's activities have expanded in all spheres as a result of the economic growth of the nation and the accompanying social po licy initiatives of successive governments, academic institutions and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Religious practice has supported the participation of women in worship. In Thai Buddhism a child should aim to gain spiritual merit for his/her parents in order to demonstrate gratitude to the parents for giving life to the child.Sons can perform this act of filial gratitude by joining monasteries and becoming monks. This avenue is not open to women but the exclusion of women does not imply that men have superior status to women. Daughters have other mechanisms for repaying debts of gratitude to parents that are equally as valid—they are simply different from those of sons. There is a clear shift in the nature of women's participation in the national economy since the 1970s. Women have joined the wage-labor force in greater numbers than ever before with the expansion in jobs outside of the dominant agricultural sector.Traditionally agriculture was the main focus of eco nomic activity for Thais and women were an integral part of the agricultural labor force. Women produced a considerable proportion of family and national income from their agricultural activities and played significant roles in marketing and selling the family produce and controlling the family finances (Chayovan et al. 1995). The rapid industrialization of the Thai economy over the past two decades coupled with the globalization of the international labor market have combined to generate large numbers of Thai women migrating from their homes to other centers for employment (Mills 1999).Women comprised the majority of those entering the Bangkok metropolitan area as the opportunities in the service and industrial sectors expanded. Women were preferred employees for the new jobs such as clothing and shoe manufacturing, the sorting of transistors, the assembly of pocket calculators and the handling of microchips for computer components. Thai government planners note that in four out of seven geographical regions the net migration of the female population has been consistently higher than that of men since 1980. They predict that this trend will continue until 2010 (NESDB 1992).The majority of these female migrants move into the large urban centers, have no skills or training, many have little or no knowledge of city-life and even fewer have a network for social and moral support at their destinations. The economic downturn since 1997 has also demonstrated that unskilled women workers remain the most disposable workers. They are often the first laid-off and few have access to severance or redundancy payments. Many of these women are single-parents or heads-of-households with a group of parents or children depending on their wage.The social security system in Thailand is currently too weak to provide support for these women and their families. Labor laws that guarantee severance pay or worker's compensation need to be introduced across all sectors of the economy to ensure that these, the most vulnerable of Thailand's industrial workers, are protected. In sum, employment for women in Thailand remains concentrated in the unskilled, or semi-skilled sectors and also in the informal agricultural sectors. Thai women have made considerable progress in the last thirty years.This results from Thailand's comparatively equitable cultural traditions as well as the rapid economic development of the nation since the 1970s. However, certain groups of women remain at a severe disadvantage compared to men and consequently their potential to contribute to national development is often ignored or overlooked. The continued existence of these weak points, given Thailand's favorable economic and cultural context, suggests that many opportunities for improving the status of Thai women have been missed.As greater numbers of women enter the administrative and political realms and with the continued support of international bodies like the UN, fewer opportunities shou ld be missed in the future. At home, prostitution remains a long-term, growing and unsolved problem. Economic hardship remains the predominant reason for women to enter the sex industry. Lack of education combines with diminishing economic opportunities to create considerable incentives for women to become prostitutes (Cook 1998). Others are forced or lured into the profession by unscrupulous middle-men.Leaving their homes on the assumption that they will be working in factories, many girls find themselves tricked into prostitution instead. Some of the women traveling overseas do so illegally but the income they earn is generally sent home to support parents and siblings in desperate need. Needless to say the majority of these sex-workers work in adverse life-threatening circumstances. The illegal nature of the industry makes it very difficult to monitor numbers of women involved and the conditions under which they work.The work describes in detail a number of important changes in t he fife course of American, Chinese and Thai women. The descriptions of behavioral change are arranged in a series of specific demographic topics – educational attainment, marriage rates, fertility, etc. – and then supplemented with an analysis of women's attitudes over the last twenty years. All of these changes point to a rise in the primacy of the individual woman that is paralleled by a decline in marriage and the family.In general, these demographic changes have been driven by economic, technological, and cultural developments that have permitted women greater control over their lives. This new control is reflected in complex life-course changes that can be roughly summarized as a movement away from the orderly progression of the 1950s (student, then jobholder, then wife, then mother) to participation in several roles simultaneously. Works Cited Chayovan, Napaporn, Malinee Wongsith, Vipan Prachuabmoh Ruffolo. â€Å"A study on status of women and fertility in Thai land,† IPS Publication No.229/95 (May), Institute of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 1995. Cook, Nerida. â€Å"Dutiful daughters†, estranged sisters: women in Thailand,† Gender and Power in Affluent Asia, eds K. Sen and M. Stivens, Routledge, London, 1998. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. â€Å"Women, Marriage, and the Family in Chinese History,† in The Heritage of China, ed. Paul Ropp. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Limanonda, Bhassorn. â€Å"Nuptiality patterns in Thailand: their implications for further fertility decline,† Fertility Transitions, Family Structure, and Population Policy, ed.Calvin Goldscheider, Westview, Boulder, 1992. Mills, Mary Beth. Thai Women in the Global Labor Force: Consuming desires, contested selves, Rutgers University Press, Piscataway, 1999. National Commission on Women's Affairs (NCWA). Women's Development in Thailand. A report prepared by the National Committee for International Cooperat ion for the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women, Nairobi, Kenya (15-26 July), n. p. , Bangkok, 1995. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB). Population Projections for Thailand 1980-2015, NESDB, Bangkok, 1992.